标题: 【托福口语】一个人也能练好～ [打印本页] 作者: wuhuier 时间: 2012-2-28 18:38 标题: 【托福口语】一个人也能练好～ 一个人也能练好口语
我们大多数同学目前是这样几种情况：不敢说，不会说，说不好。
不敢说，就是心理问题。大多数同学总是因为害怕出错，或发音不好而不敢开口。所以这个主观问题要首先要克服掉。毕竟现在是英语和汉语为主流的时代，是“不敢说也得说”的时候了。
不会说，就是语言知识的储备不够，没有达到可以应用语言的能力，所以会出现词不达意或句型使用错误的情况。即使勉强说也是支离破碎的broken English. 这个就需要科学的方法来有效的学习语言了。
说不好，一般表现为表达不够流畅或内容逻辑有问题，有时候这种情况也会出现在母语的表达中。不过，没关系， 只要坚持练习, 经常使用这门语言就好了。那一定是Practice makes perfect!
总之，态度端正，方法正确，就不怕说不好了。 练好口语，通常需要经历以下4个阶段。 四个阶段：原始积累阶段---句型扩张阶段----思维形成阶段----自由表达阶段
首先，原始积累阶段，就是我们一定要有原始储备，才能做到有话可说，才能生产出英文的信息来。
那么怎么实现呢？就是要经过背诵--Recitation。背诵是练习口语的必经之路。母语初期的习得，都是经过大量的背诵，何况外语? 比如我们从小就跟着老师背诵汉语拼音，到后来背诵古诗，古词或漂亮的文章。而且背诵也是最直接的习得口语的方法。它的最大好处就是你不用再思维，省去了由中文转译成英文的过程。如果现组织语言，会不够流利，还会经常出现语法或用词错误，更为冒险的是你说的话可能会是Chinglish，被人听不懂。既节省时间，又地道，何乐而不为呢？到后来，所有背过的东西都会构成你的原始积累。
所以我们要背诵经典句型，文章，甚至是对话。把它们记在小纸条上，携带方便，还可以充分利用零散时间。毕竟在我们的生活当中有很多等候的时间，可以随时拿出来说一说，公共场合心理默念也是很有帮助的。对话背诵之后，自己再进行角色扮演，注意模仿原声的语音语调，让自己身在其中，找到那种自然说话的感觉，之后会很有兴趣，也会很有成就感。 比如下面这个对话：
Let bygones be bygones
A: What’s happened to Cindy? I’ve lost track of her lately.
B: I don’t know, and I really don’t care. Cindy always rubbed me the wrong way.
A: Really? I took it for granted you two were good friends.
B: We used to be. Not anymore, though. I got tired of her remarks.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. Cindy’s really a nice girl, though. And life’s too short to stay angry at someone. Come on. Let bygones be bygones. I’m sure she’d like to be friends again. Meet her halfway.
B: I suppose you are right. I’ll turn over a new leaf and start again. It’s no fun being mad at people.
在这个对话当中，我们可以学到：
lose track of s.o. 与某人失去联系
rub s.o. the wrong way
与某人不合，或对着干
took it for granted 原以为
used to be
曾经是
get tired of her remarks 讨厌她的品头论足
stay angry at someone.一直对某人生气
Life’s too short to stay angry at someone. 这句话也特别有哲理，说不定在某个特定场合，你就会想到，然后英文脱口而出，你的朋友会马上顿悟。
Come on. 算了吧，别那样。
Let bygones be bygones.
过去的就让它过去吧。
meet s.o halfway 让某人一步。
turn over a new leaf
翻开新的一页
no fun doing
做某事没意思
这么多的地道的词组和表达，以后可以应用它们无限生成句子。所以这个原始积累相当划算。
第二阶段：句型扩张阶段。就是要通过模仿---Imitation，就是我们所熟知的替换练习。
假设我们在第一阶段背诵了这么一段文字。I think listening to music is a good way to relax, especially those pieces I listened during my childhood. Sometimes I sing in a loud voice when I feel depressed or worried. It's really helpful to relax myself.
那就可以通过这样的模仿进行扩张。
I think watching TV is a good way to relax, especially the programs that are entertaining. Sometimes I laugh with the audience on the spot. It's really helpful to relax myself.
I think surfing the Internet is a good way to relax, especially when I learn some interesting news about the world. Sometimes I share my idea with the other net-surfers. It's really helpful to relax myself.
这只是一个简单展示，那么推而广之，它就是一个万能的学习方法，非常凑效。同学们可以尝试。
第三阶段：思维形成阶段。经过前两个阶段对大量语言材料的积累和模仿应用，慢慢也熟悉了英文的表达习惯，这种习惯最终会成就一种用英文思维的习惯。但是这种活动要通过经常的反复---Repetition，才能保持和恒定下来。
第四阶段：就进入自由表达阶段了。这个阶段就是对语言的一种创造 ---Creation. 实际上也是对语言的运用达到了最高境界，以之前储备的句型为载体，加入自己的思想来表达观点，是对语言最灵活自如的运用，也能真正的使英文这门Foreign Language. 变成了Second Language，几乎可以像母语一样文思泉涌。
比如：说这样一个题目：
Where do you prefer to watch a movie, at home or at the movie theater?
Sample answer:
While I wouldn’t mind seeing movies on the big screen at the movie theater, still I’d rather watch the movies at home.
The most obvious benefit of watching movies at home is the pause button. You don’t have to sit there for two or three hours in a row (一口气的). You can pause it to have a cup of coffee and take a rest; sometimes you can rewind to (返回到) the parts you missed or enjoy your favorite parts over and over again.
Also, the cost is another factor that people may consider. They try to stay home other than go to the theater not only because of the ticket price itself, but also because of the outrageous（过分的）expense for drinks and snacks.
Finally, I guess the comfort of seeing movies at home appeals a lot of people. Setting the laptop on the bed and lying there to watch is very relaxing.
So that’s why I would be more pleased with seeing movies at home.
当中的很多句型都是我们曾经的原始储备，然后加入自己的思想，进行了简单的创新，就构成了这样接近完美的回答，这就是口语习得的最高境界。
总之，原始积累阶段通过Recitation ---句型扩张阶段通过-Imitation ----思维形成阶段通过Repetition ----自由表达阶段通过Creation, 就可以使你在日后的学习，工作和生活当中进行conversation —presentation—explanation —discussion.